First national standard for perovskite film crystallisation manufacturing enters review stage

According to Securities Daily, the review meeting for China’s first national standard on perovskite film crystallisation manufacturing took place in Kunshan, Jiangsu, on 30 October. The standard, formally titled *Specification for Physical Liquid Phase Deposition Thin Film Technology with Suction Crystallisation*, is led by Kaifu Green Energy (Xi’an) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. Representatives from multiple industrial chain firms, universities and research institutes attended the meeting to discuss the compilation, review and follow-up arrangements for the standard.

The national standard was approved for project initiation by the Standardisation Administration of China in March 2026. It is the first fundamental technical specification targeting perovskite film crystallisation manufacturing both in China and globally, with a planned submission for official approval in the first half of next year.

The document sets out specifications covering applicable scope, key process parameters, film quality requirements and testing assessment methods, to provide technical support for equipment design, thin film production and quality control. The standard is built entirely on suction crystallisation technology independently developed by Chinese enterprises and its engineering applications, turning proprietary intellectual property achievements into national basic industrial norms. It forms the first item within a set of six sequential standards, with further follow-up rules to cover surface roughness, thickness uniformity and pinhole defect testing.

The technical foundation for the standard comes from verified mass production results of original domestic technology. Kaifu Green Energy has developed the country’s first 2-metre-class mass production device for perovskite film suction crystallisation, which has been installed and operated continuously on the production line of Kunshan GCL Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. The equipment covers an effective area of 2.88 square metres, with film thickness variation kept below 5 per cent.

Mass production data shows that the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells on the 100-megawatt production line stands at roughly 19 per cent, while the production yield has risen to above 90 per cent, up from the previous level of 60 to 70 per cent. The improvement stems directly from better crystallisation uniformity of perovskite thin films. Technical collaboration between the two parties stretches back to 2014, with joint research spanning early process trials, pilot development and the roll-out of 2-metre-class production hardware. The research team first put forward the suction crystallisation coating technology for perovskite materials worldwide in May 2014.

Kaifu Green Energy also carries out technical verification on perovskite-silicon tandem cells alongside Zhejiang Aiko Solar Co., Ltd. and LONGi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

The transition of perovskite industrialisation from isolated technical breakthroughs to systematic manufacturing framework construction accelerates the commercial roll-out of the technology. The new national standard sets out unified rules for equipment selection, inspection and film quality evaluation, without requiring downstream component manufacturers to rebuild existing production lines.

Industry participants note that three core hurdles remain for full commercialisation: large-area efficiency, long-term stability and scalable process management. GCL Optoelectronics has upgraded its material formulation, passivation layers and encapsulation processes, with some perovskite modules passing the same strict reliability tests as traditional silicon-based products.

Material cost remains a major constraint for large-scale commercial deployment. Higher production volumes are expected to drive down raw material costs over the next one to two years. Improved production yields directly cut manufacturing expenditure, and coordinated technical upgrades across material, equipment and component sectors will support the scaled commercialisation of perovskite photovoltaic products.

The suction crystallisation technology developed in China will be extended to single-junction perovskite cells, perovskite-silicon tandem products and flexible photovoltaic modules as national standardisation advances and gigawatt-scale production demand grows.